Africa



** Essential Questions **:


 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * People may not agree with the new changes in the government, a change in politics changes all other aspects of a country as well. Only listen to people during elections. **
 * How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * Give people an attachment to their country, promoting an government **
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * If one country is at war with another they will obviously not trade with each other, where they may need a certain export from them and they could have a certain import that could benefit the other. So they will suffer due to no business. **
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * Having the same religion, same ideas on life, and understanding of government. Culture. Crises, languages, common enemies. **


 * Scramble for Africa**
 * 16th**
 * Colonized all of** **Africa**
 * Nationalism**
 * Sources off raw materials**
 * Diseases spread everywhere**
 * Guns were** **useless**
 * Swords**
 * Steamships** **made it possible**
 * Machine guns**
 * Lot of fighting AND Dying**
 * Most Europeans died of diseases**
 * Africans fought back**
 * Other countries came in to take a part too**
 * Rule through and by the natives**
 * Advantages were they got** **education**
 * Couldn't** **resist because they would lose**
 * Ethiopia fought against refusing to be a part**
 * Europe took Africa**
 * Accept Western Ways**
 * Built schools**
 * Belgians**
 * Cause inter tribal wars**
 * Heart of Darkness**
 * Libra and** **Ethiopia**

** Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **


 * Imperialism is that it spreads far and wide effecting anything that comes in it's path, using force and violence against the people in the effected area to where they are killed, enslaved and forced into labor, and draining the life of the people, the environment, and wildlife of the places effected. **

**The White Man's Burden:** 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? To take up some of the "burden" of the empire. To civilize the people.

2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? Peace and praise. Prestige. 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? Maybe that someone would take the "burden," and civilize them. Support from imperialist. Agree with his poem. 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? " Your new-caught, sullen peoples Half devil and half child.." That these "uneducated, and in superior" are half the devil for their savagery. Devil for being different and half child for their simple lives.

The meaning is why would they need to travel all the way there when there is people like that in their own country,"'Tis nearest at your door; Why heed long bleeding Cuba, or dark Hawaii’s shore?" They already tried with Native American people and failed, "You’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem.." The burden is on the black people not the white.
 * The Black Man's Burden: **

Primary Sources of Imperialism in Africa He disagrees with Imperialism. That people should have acted and fought back to not let evil win. Seeing Imperialism take over all of Africa. He fought against all moves toward imperialism in Ethiopia. To prevent it from happening again, to promote that people should speak against these evil acts. Gain attention to help Africa fight back. People not fighting back to protect whats theirs. Seeing that it is wrong what they are doing.
 * Imperialism
 * Slave Trade
 * Christianity
 * Free Access
 * Greed
 * America wan't there, and no rep. of Africa
 * Beneficial
 * Promote
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)**

// Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... //

// I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. //

// I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. //

Jules Ferry, an imperialist. That they are doing it generously and with sincerity and that it is their duty to civilize the inferior races. To provide the answer that they are doing it out of the goodness of their hearts and aren't doing it just for what they get. To promote support for imperialism in their own country. That rich and educated people took the responsibility to "teach" the rest of the world. // "Superior race races have a right because they have a duty." "H //// igher races have a right over the lower races.." //
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?

**"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo"** This was published in London, in 1982. From the perspective of people in the United Kingdom, people who aren't actually there and experiencing it. That its covering the entire country. Colossus, this big thing of imperialism "striding" across the entire country like they own the place. Cape Town and Cairo from one end to the other acting like they own the place. The one person being depicted as an imperialist. The country of Africa being the target of this imperialism. Saying that the imperialist have taken over. Unsure what side.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

"//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858"**// They were treated horribly. Treated like slaves and abused. They had rebelled but proved to be unsuccessful due to the opposition's machine guns and advanced artillery.
 * Ndansi Kumalo **
 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

The author is a chief who witnessed the acts. Referring to when the British had defeated them and had stolen their possessions. The tribe was weak and did not have the type of artillery the British had. The British had more power in thus taking control. His opinion is that they are worse than what the British describe them as, that they are horrible people.
 * Mojimba **
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?

That a rebellion was starting among the people and its was spreading throughout.
 * German military officer **
 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?